Author Guidelines

Introduction

Clean Technology for Resource, Energy and Environment (CTREE) welcomes the submission of original, high-quality scholarly work that contributes to the advancement of knowledge within the fields covered by its aims and scope. The Journal seeks to publish rigorous research, critical analyses, theoretical contributions, and scholarly discussions that demonstrate academic excellence, methodological integrity, and relevance to contemporary research and practice.

Authors are encouraged to read these guidelines carefully before preparing and submitting a manuscript. Adherence to the Journal’s requirements will facilitate an efficient editorial assessment and peer-review process and help ensure that manuscripts meet the standards expected for publication.

Before You Submit

Prior to submission, authors should ensure that their manuscript complies fully with the Journal’s editorial, ethical, and formatting requirements. Submission of a manuscript indicates that all authors have reviewed the work, approved its contents, and agreed to its submission.

Authors should verify that the manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration by another journal, conference proceeding, or publishing platform. All references should be carefully checked for accuracy and completeness, and digital object identifiers (DOIs), URLs, or other persistent identifiers should be included whenever available.

Tables, figures, illustrations, and supplementary materials should be appropriately numbered, titled, and cited within the text. Authors are also responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce any copyrighted material, photographs, datasets, software components, or third-party content included in their submission.

Types of Manuscripts Accepted

Clean Technology for Resource, Energy and Environment (CTREE) considers a variety of manuscript types that contribute to scholarly understanding and professional practice. These include original research articles, review articles, scholarly essays, theoretical papers, methodological contributions, and other forms of academic work that fall within the Journal’s scope.

Regardless of manuscript type, all submissions are evaluated according to the same standards of originality, academic quality, methodological rigor, ethical compliance, and relevance.

Authorship and Author Responsibilities

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial intellectual contributions to the work. Such contributions may include participation in the conception and design of the study, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, methodological development, manuscript drafting, or critical revision of the manuscript.

All authors must approve the final version of the manuscript before submission and accept responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the work. Authors should be prepared to provide clarification or supporting information relating to any aspect of the study if requested by the Journal.

For manuscripts involving multiple authors, one individual must be designated as the Corresponding Author. The Corresponding Author serves as the primary point of contact with the Journal throughout the submission, review, production, and publication processes. This author is responsible for ensuring that all co-authors are kept informed of editorial decisions and publication requirements.

Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged appropriately in the Acknowledgements section.

Publication Ethics and Research Integrity

Clean Technology for Resource, Energy and Environment (CTREE) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of scholarly publishing and research integrity. Authors are expected to conduct and report research honestly, accurately, and transparently.

The Journal only considers original work and strictly prohibits plagiarism, self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, data fabrication, data falsification, deceptive image manipulation, citation manipulation, and other forms of academic misconduct. Manuscripts may be screened using plagiarism-detection software, and any suspected ethical violations will be investigated in accordance with established publishing standards.

• Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, institutional, personal, or other relationships that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research or its interpretation. A Conflict of Interest statement must be included in every manuscript.

If no competing interests exist, authors should include the following statement: "The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this work."

• Ethical Compliance

Research involving human participants must comply with relevant ethical principles and institutional requirements. Authors should indicate whether ethical approval was obtained from an appropriate ethics committee, institutional review board, or equivalent body. Where applicable, authors should also confirm that informed consent was obtained from participants prior to their involvement in the study.

Clean Technology for Resource, Energy and Environment (CTREE) reserves the right to request documentation supporting ethical approval and compliance.

• Funding Disclosure

All sources of financial support should be disclosed within the manuscript. Funding statements should identify the funding organization together with the relevant grant or award number, where applicable.

Where no external funding was received, authors may state that the research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Manuscript Preparation

Language

Manuscripts should be written in clear, concise, and grammatically correct English. Authors are encouraged to use language that is accessible to an international audience while maintaining appropriate scholarly standards.

File Format

Manuscripts must be submitted in Microsoft Word format (.doc or .docx). Files should be editable and free from password protection or other restrictions that may interfere with the editorial process.

Length

Clean Technology for Resource, Energy and Environment (CTREE) does not impose a strict word limit. However, authors should ensure that the length of the manuscript is appropriate to the nature, complexity, and scope of the research. Unnecessary repetition and excessive detail should be avoided.

Organization of the Manuscript

To ensure consistency and readability, research articles should generally be organized using the following structure:

• Title
• Author Names and Affiliations
• Corresponding Author Information
• Abstract
• Keywords
• Introduction
• Materials and Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Author Contributions
• Funding
• Conflict of Interest
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Appendices (if applicable)
• Supplementary Materials (if applicable)

Title

The title should clearly and accurately reflect the content of the manuscript. It should be concise, informative, and suitable for indexing and retrieval purposes.

Abstract

The abstract should provide a concise overview of the study, including its purpose, methodology, principal findings, and conclusions. It should highlight the significance and originality of the work while remaining understandable to readers outside the immediate area of specialization.

Abstracts should generally be between 250 and 300 words and should be presented as a single paragraph without subheadings.

Keywords

Authors should provide six to eight keywords that accurately represent the main themes of the manuscript. Keywords should enhance discoverability and complement the terminology used in the title and abstract.

Introduction

The Introduction should establish the context of the research, review relevant background literature, identify existing knowledge gaps, and explain the significance of the study. The objectives, hypotheses, or research questions should be clearly stated. Abbreviations should be defined when first introduced.

For review articles, authors should provide a critical and analytical synthesis of existing scholarship rather than a descriptive summary of previously published work.

Materials and Methods

This section should describe the research design, participants, materials, instruments, procedures, analytical methods, and statistical techniques employed in the study. The description should be sufficiently detailed to allow readers to evaluate the validity of the research and, where appropriate, replicate the study.

Information regarding ethical approval, participant consent, and funding support should also be included where relevant.

Results

The Results section should present the findings of the study in a logical and coherent manner. Major outcomes should be emphasized and supported by appropriate evidence. Tables and figures may be used to improve clarity and should not duplicate information already presented in the text.

Discussion

The Discussion should interpret the findings in relation to the study objectives and existing literature. Authors should explain the significance of the results, discuss their implications, acknowledge study limitations, and identify areas for future research. Length of this section must be coherent with the length of Introduction section.

Results and Discussion may be presented as separate sections or combined where appropriate.

Conclusion

The Conclusion should summarize the principal findings and contributions of the study. It should highlight the broader significance of the research and may include recommendations for future investigation or practical application.

Author Contributions

Authors must include a statement specifying the contribution of each author to the research and manuscript preparation. Contributions may include conceptualization, methodology, data collection, formal analysis, software development, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition, writing of the original draft, and manuscript review and editing.

Acknowledgements

The Acknowledgements section should recognize individuals, institutions, organizations, or funding bodies that contributed to the research but do not meet the criteria for authorship.

References

Accurate and complete referencing is essential to scholarly communication. Authors are responsible for ensuring that all citations and references are correct and consistent.

The references in your manuscript should be formatted in the Vancouver style, ensuring completeness and accuracy. When citing references within the text, please use sequential numbering in square brackets and list them in the same numerical order in the reference section. It is important that reference numbers are finalized and that the bibliography is fully formatted before submission. Every reference cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and every entry in the reference list must be cited in the manuscript.

Authors should prioritize relevant primary literature and avoid excessive self-citation. As a general guideline, self-citations should not exceed ten percent of the total references unless justified by the nature of the research.

Appendices

Appendices may be used to present material that is important for understanding, evaluating, or reproducing the research but is too extensive to include within the main text. Examples include detailed methodologies, questionnaires, coding schemes, interview protocols, mathematical derivations, and extended theoretical discussions.

Appendices should appear after the References section and should be labeled sequentially as Appendix A, Appendix B, and so forth.

Supplementary Materials

Supplementary materials consist of additional content that enhances the article but is not essential for understanding the main study. Examples include datasets, software code, multimedia files, extended analyses, additional figures, and supporting documentation.

Supplementary files should be submitted separately and cited appropriately within the manuscript. These materials will be published online alongside the article whenever accepted for publication.

Formatting Requirements

Authors should use a clear hierarchy of headings and subheadings to organize their manuscripts. Up to three levels of heading numbering may be used where appropriate.

Tables and figures should be cited sequentially in the text and accompanied by clear titles and captions. Figures should be submitted in high-quality formats such as PDF, TIFF, JPEG, PPT, or Word. Tables should be editable and submitted in Word or Excel format.

Open Access and Article Processing Charges

Clean Technology for Resource, Energy and Environment (CTREE) operates under a full Open Access publishing model, ensuring that all published content is freely and permanently accessible to readers worldwide without subscription fees or access restrictions.

To support the editorial, production, hosting, indexing, and preservation services required for scholarly publishing, an Article Processing Charge (APC) of GBP 330 is payable only after a manuscript has been formally accepted for publication. No fees are charged at the time of submission or during the peer-review process.

The APC contributes to editorial administration, peer-review management, copyediting, typesetting, online publication, DOI registration, digital preservation, website maintenance, and other publishing services that ensure the quality, accessibility, and long-term availability of published research.

Authors may remit payment via debit card, credit card, or bank transfer. For payments made through bank transfer, the total amount payable is GBP 350 inclusive of banking and transaction charges.

The Journal reserves the right to revise its APC policy in the future as necessary to support publishing operations and sustainability. Any changes will be announced publicly and will apply only to manuscripts submitted after the effective date of the revised policy.